Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo ndi Zitsulo ka ASTM A36: Kapangidwe, Kupanga Nyumba, Nyumba Zosungiramo Zinthu ndi Zomangamanga
Nyumba Zazitali Kwambiri ndi Zamalonda:Kumanga nyumba zomangidwa ndi denga la nyumba ndi nyumba zamalonda kwathandizidwa kwambiri ndi chitsulo champhamvu koma chopepuka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zimatha kumangidwa mwachangu komanso chifukwa chake mapangidwe awo amasinthidwa mosavuta.
Malo Osungiramo Zinthu Zamakampani ndi Nyumba Zosungiramo ZinthuNyumba zachitsulo zimapereka malo osungiramo zinthu, malo ogwirira ntchito, mafakitale ndi malo ogulitsira zinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhungu ndi chimango chawo cholimba.
Milatho ndi Zomangamanga za Mayendedwe: Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chitsulo kumapangitsa kuti chikhale chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa milatho yaukadaulo, malo odutsa pamwamba pa chitsulo, malo odumphira pamwamba pa chitsulo ndi malo ofikira kuti chikhale chotetezeka komanso cholimba.
Kukhazikitsa Mphamvu ndi ZofunikiraChitsulo chimathandizira malo opangira magetsi, mafamu amphepo, malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi ndi machitidwe ena amphamvu, komanso zinthu zina zofunika, zomwe zimateteza nthawi zonse ku nyengo ndi kutopa.
Masewera, Zosangalatsa ndi Malo Owonetsera Ziwonetsero, Mabwalo ndi Mabwalo a MaseweraZonsezi zimatheka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zipilala zamkati zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chingathe kufalikira patali kwambiri.
Nyumba zaulimi ndi zosungiramo zinthu: Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zachitsulo, malo osungiramo zinthu, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu ndi zolimba komanso zotetezeka ku dzimbiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyengo.
Zomangamanga za m'madzi, doko ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja: Mafelemu achitsulo ndi abwino kwambiri pomanga panyanja, makamaka m'madoko, m'madoko, m'madoko ndi m'malo osungiramo zinthu komwe mphamvu, kukana dzimbiri komanso mphamvu zonyamula katundu wolemera sizingakambirane.
Zinthu za kapangidwe ka chitsulo chapakati zomangira fakitale
1. Kapangidwe kake konyamula katundu (kosinthika malinga ndi zofunikira za zivomerezi za m'madera otentha)
| Mtundu wa Chinthu | Mafotokozedwe Amitundu | Ntchito Yaikulu | Mfundo Zosinthira ku Central America |
| Mtanda wa Chimango cha Portal | W12×30 ~ W16×45 (ASTM A572 Gr.50) | Mtanda waukulu wonyamula katundu padenga/khoma | Kapangidwe ka mfundo za chivomerezi champhamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi zolumikizira zolumikizidwa kuti zipewe ma welds ofooka, gawoli lakonzedwa kuti lichepetse kulemera kwa mayendedwe am'deralo. |
| Chitsulo chachitsulo | H300×300 ~ H500×500 (ASTM A36) | Imathandizira katundu wa chimango ndi pansi | Zolumikizira za seismic zokhazikika, zomalizidwa ndi galvanized yotenthedwa (zokutira zinc ≥85μm) kuti zikhale ndi chinyezi chambiri |
| Mtanda wa Crane | W24×76 ~ W30×99 (ASTM A572 Gr.60) | Yonyamula katundu pa ntchito ya crane yamafakitale | Kapangidwe kolemera (ka ma crane a 5 ~ 20t) okhala ndi mtengo womaliza wokhala ndi mbale zolumikizira zosameta tsitsi |
2. Zigawo za Dongosolo Lotsekereza (Kukana Nyengo + Chitetezo cha Dzimbiri)
Ma Purlins a Denga: Ma purlin a C12×20 mpaka C16×31 otenthedwa ndi kutentha okhala ndi mtunda wa 1.5–2 m kuti athandizire mapepala achitsulo okhala ndi utoto omwe amatha kupirira kugwedezeka kwa mphepo yamkuntho mpaka kufika pamlingo wa 12.
Ma Purlins a Wall: Zopaka utoto wa Z10×20 mpaka Z14×26 woletsa kuwononga ndi mabowo opumira mpweya kuti chinyezi chichepetse—zabwino kwambiri m'malo otentha a fakitale.
Zothandizira ndi Zothandizira Pakona: Φ12–Φ16 chogwirira chachitsulo chozungulira chotentha chokhala ndi zitsulo za L50×5 zogwirira pakona zachitsulo chimagwira ntchito ngati choletsa liwiro la mphepo la 150 mph kuti chikhale chokhazikika mbali.
3. Kusintha kwa Malo: Chithandizo ndi Zinthu Zothandizira (Kusintha Kwa Malo Omwe Akufunika Pakapangidwe)
Chitsulo Chophatikizidwa: Mapepala achitsulo opangidwa ndi galvanized a makulidwe a 10–20 mm (WLHT) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga maziko a konkriti ku Central America.
Zolumikizira: Maboluti a galvanized amphamvu kwambiri a Giredi 8.8, palibe chifukwa chowotcherera pamalopo, zomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi yomanga.
Zophimba Zoteteza: Utoto wothira moto wochokera m'madzi wokhala ndi nthawi yolimbana ndi moto ≥1.5 h ndi utoto wotsutsana ndi dzimbiri wa acryl wokhala ndi kukana kwa UV ndi moyo wonse ≥zaka 10, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mfundo zachilengedwe zakomweko.
| Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito | Makina Opangira Zinthu | Kukonza |
| Kudula | Makina odulira plasma/lawi a CNC, makina odulira ubweya | Kudula lawi la plasma pa mbale/zigawo zachitsulo, kudula kwa mbale zopyapyala zachitsulo, ndi kulondola kwa miyeso kumayendetsedwa. |
| Kupanga | Makina opinda ozizira, makina osindikizira, makina opukutira | Kupinda mozizira (kwa c/z purlins), kupindika (kwa ma gutter/kudula m'mphepete), kugudubuza (kwa mipiringidzo yozungulira yothandizira) |
| kuwotcherera | Makina olumikizira arc omwe ali m'madzi, cholumikizira arc chopangidwa ndi manja, cholumikizira cha CO₂ chotetezedwa ndi mpweya | Chowotcherera cha arc choviikidwa m'madzi (Nzati za ku Dutch / H beams), chowotcherera cha ndodo (ma gusset plates), chowotcherera cha CO² chotetezedwa ndi mpweya (zinthu zopyapyala zokhala ndi makoma) |
| Kupanga mabowo | Makina obowola a CNC, makina obowola | Kuboola kwa CNC (mabowo a bolt m'ma plate/zigawo zolumikizira), Kuboola (mabowo ang'onoang'ono a batch), Ndi mabowo olamulidwa kukula/malo olekerera |
| Chithandizo | Makina ophulitsira/kuphulitsa mchenga, chopukusira, chingwe chotenthetsera | Kuchotsa dzimbiri (kuphulitsa mfuti / kuphulitsa mchenga), kupukusa weld (kuchotsa ma burr), kulowetsa galvanizing ndi hot-dip (bolt/support) |
| Msonkhano | Nsanja yosonkhanitsira zinthu, zida zoyezera | Zigawo za zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa kale (mzere + beam + base) zinachotsedwa kuti zitumizidwe pambuyo potsimikizira kukula kwake. |
| 1. Mayeso opopera mchere (mayeso oyambira a dzimbiri) | 2. Mayeso a kumatira | 3. Chinyezi ndi mayeso oletsa kutentha |
| Miyezo ya ASTM B117 (spray yamchere yopanda mchere) / ISO 11997-1 (spray yamchere yozungulira), yoyenera malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Central America. | Mayeso oyesera kuswana pogwiritsa ntchito ASTM D3359 (cross-hatch/grid-grid, kuti mudziwe mulingo wa kuswana); mayeso oyesera kuswana pogwiritsa ntchito ASTM D4541 (kuyeza mphamvu ya kuswana pakati pa chophimba ndi substrate yachitsulo). | Miyezo ya ASTM D2247 (40℃/95% chinyezi, kuti zisatuluke matuza ndi kusweka kwa chophimbacho nthawi yamvula). |
| 4. Mayeso okalamba a UV | 5. Kuyesa makulidwe a filimu | 6. Kuyesa mphamvu ya mphamvu |
| Miyezo ya ASTM G154 (yoyerekeza kukhudzidwa kwamphamvu kwa UV m'nkhalango zamvula, kupewa kufota ndi kuyika choko pa utoto). | Filimu youma pogwiritsa ntchito ASTM D7091 (gauge ya makulidwe a maginito); filimu yonyowa pogwiritsa ntchito ASTM D1212 (kuonetsetsa kuti kukana dzimbiri kukukwaniritsa makulidwe omwe atchulidwa). | Miyezo ya ASTM D2794 (kugundana ndi nyundo, kuti mupewe kuwonongeka panthawi yonyamula/kuyika). |
Chithandizo pa chiwonetsero cha pamwamba: Chophimba cha epoxy zinc cholemera, Chopangidwa ndi Galvanized (makulidwe a galvanized layer ≥85μm amatha kufikira zaka 15-20), chopaka mafuta akuda, ndi zina zotero.
Wopaka Mafuta Wakuda
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized
Chophimba cholemera cha Epoxy Zinc
Kupaka:
Katundu wachitsulo amapakidwa bwino kuti ateteze pamwamba ndipo amasunga mawonekedwe a chinthucho pochinyamula ndi kuchinyamula. Zigawo nthawi zambiri zimakulungidwa ndi zinthu zosalowa madzi monga filimu ya pulasitiki kapena pepala loletsa dzimbiri, ndipo zowonjezera zazing'ono zimakhala m'bokosi lamatabwa. Mukalemba zilembo zonse, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti kutsitsa kwanu kuli kotetezeka ndipo kukhazikitsa kwanu pamalopo ndi kwaukadaulo komanso kosawonongeka. Kupaka bwino kumatha kupewa kuwonongeka, komanso kungapangitse kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta kusunga ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito zomanga.
Mayendedwe:
Kukula ndi komwe zikupita zimatsimikizira ngati nyumba zachitsulo zili ndi malo ofanana kapena katundu wopanda kanthu womangidwa mozungulira mtunda wa mamita 4 kapena mtunda wa mamita 2 kuchokera ku ziwiya zachitsulo kapena kutumiza katundu wambiri. Zingwe zachitsulo zimawonjezedwa mozungulira zinthu zazikulu kapena zolemera kuti zithandizire ndipo zopumira zamatabwa zimayikidwa mbali zonse zinayi za phukusi kuti zigwirizane ndi katunduyo. Njira zonse zoyendetsera zinthu zimayendetsedwa motsatira zomwe njira zotumizira katundu padziko lonse lapansi zimalamula kuti ziperekedwe pa nthawi yake komanso mosamala ngakhale kudutsa nyanja kapena mtunda wautali. Njira yosungira zinthu imeneyi imapangitsa kuti zitsulo ziperekedwe pamalo abwino kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
1. Nthambi Zakunja & Thandizo mu Chilankhulo cha Chisipanishi
Ndi maofesi akunja ndi ogwira ntchito olankhula Chisipanishi, timakuthandizani kulumikizana ndi makasitomala anu m'maiko a Latin America ndi Europe. Gulu lathu limakuthandizaninso pa zamisonkho, zikalata ndi njira zotumizira katundu kuti mugwire ntchito bwino.
2. Katundu Wopezeka Kuti Utumizidwe Mwachangu
Timasunganso zinthu zambiri zachitsulo monga ma H-beams, ma I-beams ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zinthu zimaperekedwa mwachangu ngakhale pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri popanda nthawi yokwanira yopezera zinthu.
3. Katswiri Kulongedza
Zogulitsa zonse zinayikidwa bwino ndi phukusi lodziwa bwino ntchito yoyenda panyanja - zomangira zitsulo, zokutira zosalowa madzi komanso zoteteza m'mphepete. Izi zimathandiza kuti zinthu zizigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kukhazikika pa kutumiza katundu mtunda wautali komanso kufika padoko losawonongeka.
4. Kutumiza Mwachangu & Kutumiza
Utumiki wathu umaphatikizapo FOB, CIF, DDP & etc ndipo timagwirizana ndi otumiza katundu odalirika akunyumba. Panyanja, pa sitima kapena pamsewu, timakutsimikizirani kuti katunduyo afika pa nthawi yake ndipo timakupatsirani njira yodalirika yotsatirira zinthu panjira yonse.
Zokhudza nkhani za ubwino wa zinthu
Q: Kutsatira miyezo Kodi miyezo yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zanu zachitsulo ndi iti?
A: Kapangidwe kathu kachitsulo kakugwirizana ndi miyezo ya ku America monga ASTM A36, ASTM A572 ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo: ASTM A36 ndi kapangidwe ka kaboni ka ntchito yonse, A588 ndi kapangidwe kolimba - kolimba - koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga wovuta.
Q: Kodi mumalamulira bwanji ubwino wa chitsulo?
Yankho: Zipangizo zachitsulozi zimachokera ku mafakitale odziwika bwino achitsulo am'deralo kapena apadziko lonse omwe ali ndi njira yowongolera bwino khalidwe. Zikafika, zinthu zonse zimayesedwa mosamala, kuphatikizapo kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala, kuyesa kwa mawonekedwe a makina ndi kuyesa kosawononga, monga kuyesa kwa ultrasound (UT) ndi kuyesa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta magnetic (MPT), kuti zitsimikizire ngati khalidweli likukwaniritsa miyezo yofananira.
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