2091506Fakitale Chitsulo Space Frame Chitsulo Kapangidwe Kanyumba Kanyumba Kanyumba Kosungiramo Zinthu Zamalonda Zokonzedwanso Kanyumba ...
Chitsulo chomangira nyumba ndi mtundu wanyumba zomangira zitsulozinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira za polojekitiyi.
Kutengera ndi zofunikira za polojekiti iliyonse, chitsulo chomangira chimabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukula, ndi zofunikira. Zina zimakulungidwa ndi kutentha kapena kuzizira, pomwe zina zimalungidwa kuchokera ku mbale zathyathyathya kapena zopindika. Mawonekedwe wamba achitsulo chomangira ndi monga I-beams, chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, njira, ma angles, ndi mbale.
Miyezo Yapadziko Lonse yaKapangidwe ka Chitsulo cha Chitsulo
GB 50017 (China)Malamulo onse okhudza kapangidwe ka zitsulo Muyezo uwu umagwira ntchito pa kapangidwe ka zinthu, tsatanetsatane, kulimba komanso chitetezo cha zitsulo.
AISC (US)"Baibulo" la kapangidwe ka zinthu ku North America, lili ndi zinthu zofunika pa katundu, kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake.
BS 5950 (UK): Kumalimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira, ndalama zochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino.
EN 1993 - Eurocode 3 (EU): Muyezo wa kapangidwe kogwirizana ka zitsulo ku Ulaya.
| Muyezo | Muyezo Wadziko Lonse | Muyezo wa ku America | Muyezo wa ku Ulaya | |
| Chiyambi | Ndi miyezo ya dziko (GB) ngati maziko, yowonjezeredwa ndi malamulo amakampani, ikugogomezera kuwongolera kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe, kapangidwe ndi kuvomereza | Poganizira kwambiri miyezo ya zinthu za ASTM ndi kapangidwe ka AISC, timayang'ana kwambiri kuphatikiza satifiketi yodziyimira payokha pamsika ndi miyezo yamakampani. | Miyezo ya EN (miyezo ya ku Europe) | |
| Miyezo Yaikulu | Miyezo ya kapangidwe | GB 50017-2017 | AISC (AISC 360-16) | EN 1993 |
| Miyezo ya zinthu | GB/T 700-2006,GB/T 1591-2018 | ASTM Internationala | Mndandanda wa EN 10025 wopangidwa ndi CEN | |
| Miyezo yomanga ndi kuvomereza | GB 50205-2020 | AWS D1.1 | Mndandanda wa EN 1011 | |
| Miyezo yokhudzana ndi makampani | Mwachitsanzo, JT/T 722-2023 pankhani ya milatho, JGJ 99-2015 pankhani yomanga | |||
| Zikalata Zofunikira | Ziyeneretso zaukadaulo waukadaulo wa zomangamanga zachitsulo (kalasi yapadera, giredi yoyamba, giredi yachiwiri, giredi yachitatu) | Chitsimikizo cha AISC | Chizindikiro cha CE, Chitsimikizo cha DIN cha ku Germany, Chitsimikizo cha UK CARES | |
| Chitsimikizo cha China Classification Society (CCS), chitsimikizo cha bizinesi yopangira kapangidwe ka zitsulo | Satifiketi ya FRA | |||
| Malipoti oyesa zinthu zamakina, mtundu wa weld, ndi zina zotero. operekedwa ndi bungwe loyesa la chipani chachitatu | ASME | |||
| Mafotokozedwe: | |
| Chitsulo Chachikulu | Chitsulo cha gawo la H ndi mizati, chopakidwa utoto kapena chokongoletsedwa, chitoliro cha gawo la C kapena chachitsulo chokongoletsedwa, ndi zina zotero. |
| Chimango Chachiwiri | Chophimba cha C-purlin chotentha choviikidwa m'madzi, chotetezera chachitsulo, chotchingira tayi, chotetezera bondo, chivundikiro cha m'mphepete, ndi zina zotero. |
| Denga la Denga | Gulu la masangweji la EPS, gulu la masangweji la fiberglass, gulu la masangweji la Rockwool, ndi sangweji ya PU mbale yachitsulo kapena ya panel, ndi zina zotero. |
| Khoma la Wall | gulu la masangweji kapena pepala lachitsulo lopangidwa ndi corrugated, ndi zina zotero. |
| Ndodo Yomangira | chubu chachitsulo chozungulira |
| Chingwe cholimba | bala lozungulira |
| Chilimbikitso cha bondo | chitsulo cha ngodya |
| Zojambula ndi Ndemanga: | |
| (1) Kapangidwe kosinthidwa kalandiridwa. | |
| (2) Kuti tikupatseni mtengo ndi zojambula zenizeni, chonde tidziwitseni kutalika, m'lifupi, kutalika kwa denga, ndi nyengo yakomweko. adzakupatsani mtengo mwachangu. | |
Kapangidwe ka ZitsuloMagawo
Magawo okhazikika ndi omwe afotokozedwa mu miyezo yofalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo palinso magawo apadera/okhala ndi katundu.
Miyendo ya I(magawo akuluakulu a "I" — ku UK izi zikuphatikizapo mipiringidzo yonse (UB) ndi mizati yonse (UC); ku Europe, izi zikuphatikizapo IPE, HE, HL, HD ndi magawo ena; ku US izi zikuphatikizapo zigawo za wide flange (WF kapena W-shape) ndi H-shape)
Z-matayala(ma flanges obwerera m'mbuyo)
HSS(Magawo Okhala ndi Mabowo, omwe amadziwikanso kuti SHS (Magawo Okhala ndi Mabowo Opangidwa); akuphatikizapo Magawo Aakulu, Amakona, Ozungulira (Ozungulira) ndi Oval).
Ma angles(Gawo looneka ngati L)
Magawo a njira zomangira, njira ya C, kapena "C"
Matabwa a T(Zigawo Zooneka ngati T).
Malo ogulitsira mowandi amakona anayi, koma si otakata mokwanira kuti afotokozedwe ngati mbale.
Ndodondi zigawo zozungulira kapena za sikweya zokhala ndi kutalika komwe ndikutalika poyerekeza ndi m'lifupi mwake.
Mbalendi chitsulo cha pepala chomwe chili ndi makulidwe opitilira 6 mm kapena 1⁄4 inchi.
Nyumba zachitsulo ndi nyumba zomwe chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu chonyamula katundu. Ndipo chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yayikulu, kulemera kwake kochepa, kapangidwe kake kachangu komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a chivomerezi chachitsulo, chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri. Magawo ofunikira ogwiritsira ntchito ndi awa:
Ukachenjede wazomanga
1. Nyumba Zamakampani- Mafakitale: makina opangira zinthu, zitsulo, zomera zamakemikolo ndi zina zotero.
2. Nyumba zosungiramo katundu: Malo akuluakulu osungiramo zinthu ndi malo osungiramo zinthu (monga nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zozizira);
3. Nyumba za Anthu Oyimilira- Nyumba zazitali: Chimango chachikulu cha nyumba zazitali kwambiri (monga nyumba zazitali);
4. Nyumba za Anthu Onse: Mabwalo amasewera, malo owonetsera zisudzo, malo owonetsera zisudzo, malo okwerera ndege ndi zina zotero.
5. Nyumba ZogonaNyumba yokhala ndi chitsulo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zomangamanga za Mayendedwe
1. Uinjiniya wa Mlatho- Milatho yayitali - Milatho ya sitima/msewu waukulu
2. Mayendedwe a Sitima ndi Masiteshoni- Masiteshoni a sitima zapamtunda wapamwamba, malo ochitira masiteshoni a sitima zapansi panthaka - Magalimoto oyendera sitima
Uinjiniya Wapadera ndi Zipangizo
1. Uinjiniya wa Zam'madzi- Mapulatifomu akunja: Kapangidwe kake ka nsanja zobowolera mafuta (jekete, madesiki a nsanja); Kumanga zombo
2. Makina okweza ndi kumanga- Ma Crane - Magalimoto apadera
3. Zinthu Zazikulu ndi Zotengera- Matanki osungiramo zinthu m'mafakitale - Mafelemu a zida zamakina
Zochitika Zina Zapadera
1. Nyumba zakanthawi: nyumba zothandizira pakagwa tsoka, malo owonetsera zinthu kwakanthawi, nyumba zomwe zakonzedwa kale, ndi zina zotero.
2. Zothandizira za dome lagalasikwa malo akuluakulu ogulitsira zinthu
3. Uinjiniya wamagetsi/bizinesi– nsanja za turbine ya mphepo (ma mbale achitsulo olimba kwambiri opindidwa) ndi mapanelo a dzuwa.
Njira Yodula
1. Kukonzekera Koyambirira
Kuyang'anira Zinthu
Kutanthauzira Zojambula
2. Kusankha Njira Yoyenera Yodulira
Kudula Lawi: Yoyenera chitsulo cholimba komanso chitsulo chopanda aloyi wambiri, yoyenera kwambiri popanga zinthu zosasunthika.
Kudula Madzi: Yoyenera zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka chitsulo chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kapena zinthu zina zapadera zolondola kwambiri.
Kukonza Zowotcherera
Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kupanikizika, kapena zonse ziwiri (nthawi zina ndi zinthu zodzaza) kuti ikwaniritse mgwirizano wa atomiki pa malo olumikizirana a zigawo za kapangidwe ka chitsulo, motero kupanga kapangidwe kolimba komanso kogwirizana. Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yolumikizira zigawo popanga kapangidwe ka chitsulo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba, milatho, makina, zombo, ndi zina, zomwe zimatsimikiza mwachindunji mphamvu, kukhazikika, ndi chitetezo cha zomangamanga zachitsulo.
Kutengera ndi zojambula za zomangamanga kapena lipoti loyenerera njira zowotcherera (PQR), fotokozani momveka bwino mtundu wa cholumikizira cha weld, kukula kwa groove, kukula kwa weld, malo owotcherera, ndi mtundu wa khalidwe.
Kukonza Kubowola
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupanga mabowo mwamakina kapena mwakuthupi m'zigawo zachitsulo zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Mabowo amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikiza zigawo, kuyendetsa mapaipi, ndi kukhazikitsa zowonjezera. Ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga kapangidwe ka zitsulo kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa kusonkhana kwa zigawo ndi kulimba kwa malumikizano.
Malinga ndi zojambula za kapangidwe kake, tchulani malo a dzenje (miyeso yogwirizana), kuchuluka, m'mimba mwake, kuchuluka kwa kulondola (monga, ±1mm kulekerera mabowo wamba a bolt, ±0.5mm kulekerera mabowo amphamvu kwambiri a bolt) ndi mtundu wa dzenje (lozungulira, lozungulira, ndi zina zotero). Pangani zizindikiro za malo a dzenje pamwamba pa gawolo ndi chida cholembera (muyeso wa tepi yachitsulo, cholembera, sikweya kapena choponyera chitsanzo). Gwiritsani ntchito choponyera chitsanzo kuti mupeze malo opezera mabowo ofunikira kuti mutsimikizire malo olondola obowolera.
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira pamwamba zomwe zikupezekanyumba yomanga zitsulo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zisamavutike ndi dzimbiri komanso kuti zisawonongeke, komanso kuti zisamawoneke bwino.
Kukongoletsandi chisankho chapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri kwake.
Kuphimba ufaimapereka mitundu yowala komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa nyengo.
Chophimba cha epoxyimapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino ndipo ndi yoyenera m'malo ovuta.
Chophimba chokhala ndi zinki zambiriimapereka chitetezo chogwira ntchito chamagetsi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinc.
Kujambulaimapereka kusinthasintha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera, kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa.
Chophimba chamafuta chakudandi njira yotsika mtengo yogwiritsira ntchito njira zosavuta zotetezera dzimbiri.
Gulu lathu lapamwamba lakunja lomwe ndi mainjiniya aluso a zomangamanga ndi akatswiri aukadaulo lili ndi chidziwitso chambiri pa ntchito komanso malingaliro apamwamba opanga mapulani komanso chidziwitso champhamvu cha makina opangira zitsulo ndi miyezo yofananira.
Yoyendetsedwa ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba opanga mapangidwe mongaCAD Yoyendetsa Galimoto,TEKLAndi zina zotero, timakhazikitsa dongosolo lonse lojambula la 3D modeling ndi 2D engineering sketch, lomwe limasonyeza tsatanetsatane wa kukula kwa gawo lililonse, makonzedwe olumikizana ndi kapangidwe ka malo. Zogulitsa ndi ntchito zathu zikupezeka pa moyo wonse wa polojekitiyi, kuyambira kapangidwe ka master schematic mpaka zojambula zatsatanetsatane zomanga, kuyambira kukonza ma joint a substructure mpaka kutsimikizira kapangidwe ka superstructure konse. Timachita zinthu mozama kwambiri ndi kulondola kwa millimeter, kuphatikiza ukadaulo ndi nzeru zomanga.
Nthawi zonse timayang'ana kwambiri makasitomala. Kutengera kuyerekeza kwa mapulani onse ndi magwiridwe antchito amakina, timapereka mapulani azachuma omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito (mafakitale amafakitale, nyumba zamalonda, milatho ndi misewu yamatabwa, ndi zina zotero). Chifukwa cha chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka nyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kumachepetsedwa ndipo njira zomangira zimakhala zosavuta. Timapereka ntchito zonse zotsatirira kuphatikizapo kutumiza zojambula ku msonkhano waukadaulo pamalopo. Ukadaulo wathu umatsimikizira kuti ntchito iliyonse yomanga zitsulo ikuchitika bwino, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ogwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake kodalirika komanso kochokera ku gwero limodzi.
Njira yopangira zinthu zachitsulo iyenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera zinthu monga mtundu wa chinthu, kukula kwake, mtunda woyendera, malo osungiramo zinthu, ndi chitetezo chofunikira. Cholinga chake ndikupewa kusinthika, dzimbiri, ndi kuwonongeka panthawi yonyamula ndi kusungira.
Njira yotsatirayi yopangira ma CD a kapangidwe ka chitsulo ndi iyi:
1. Kupaka Zinthu Zopanda Chingwe (Zosapakidwa)
Kwa: Zigawo zazikulu ndi zolemera zachitsulo (monga mizati yachitsulo, matabwa, ma trus akuluakulu).
Zinthu Zake: Iwalani za gawo lina lililonse lowonjezera lolongedza, mutha kuyika ndi kutsitsa ndi zida zonyamulira, mwachindunji. Koma zigawo zake ziyenera kumangiriridwa mwamphamvu mumayendedwe kuti zisagwedezeke/kukhudzidwa.
Chitetezo Chowonjezera: mutha kupereka zophimba kwakanthawi kapena zolumikizira zomangira (mabowo a bolt, pamwamba pa flange) kuti mupewe kulowerera ndi kuwonongeka.
2. Ma phukusi ophatikizidwa
Yoyenera: Zidutswa zazing'ono zachitsulo zooneka ngati zapakatikati (monga chitsulo cha ngodya, chitsulo cha njira, mapaipi achitsulo ndi mbale zazing'ono zolumikizira) zambiri.
Dziwani: Chomangiracho sichiyenera kukhala cholimba kwambiri. Chomangiracho ndi chomasuka kwambiri ndipo zinthuzo zidzasuntha, ngati cholimba kwambiri chingayambitse kusintha kwa zinthu.
3. Bokosi la Matabwa/Mafelemu a Matabwa
Zochitika Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Zigawo zazing'ono zachitsulo zolondola (zigawo zamakanika: zolumikizira zolondola kwambiri, ndi zina zotero), zigawo zosalimba (monga zigawo zazing'ono monga mabolts ndi mtedza) kapena zigawo zachitsulo zomwe zimafunika kunyamulidwa kapena kutumizidwa kunja kwa dziko.
Ubwino: Chitetezo chachikulu, kudzipatula ku chilengedwe, chitetezo ku chilengedwe, chitetezo ku mayendedwe ataliatali m'malo ovuta.
4. Chitetezo Chapadera Chosungira
Poletsa dzimbiri: Mukasunga zitsulo kapena pamalo ozizira kuti muzinyamula zitsulo, njira zina zotetezera dzimbiri zimafunika kupatula njira zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.
Kuteteza Kusinthika kwa Mapangidwe: Mukanyamula chitsulo choonda komanso chopyapyala pakhoma (monga mtanda woonda wachitsulo, chitsulo choonda cha makoma), gwiritsani ntchito zothandizira zina (matabwa kapena mabulaketi achitsulo) ngati zinthu zopakira, kuti mupewe kupindika ndi kusokonekera ndi kulemera kosagwirizana panthawi yonyamula ndi kusunga.
Mayendedwe:Kutumiza mwachangu (Kutumiza zitsanzo), Ndege, Sitima, Dziko, Sitima, Kutumiza panyanja (FCL kapena LCL kapena Bulk)
Kuyambira ndi kutumiza kwanu zinthu, gulu lathu la akatswiri likupezeka kuti likuthandizeni ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu zomwe zimakupatsani chithandizo chapadera. Kuyambira kupanga ndondomeko zoyika zinthu pamalopo, mpaka upangiri waukadaulo wotumizira zinthu zofunika kwambiri panthawi yomanga, mpaka kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi gulu lanu lomanga, tadzipereka kukhazikitsa zinthu zosalala komanso zenizeni zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba, zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika.
Mu gawo la ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa, timapereka malangizo osamalira malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho, ndikuyankha mafunso okhudza momwe tingasamalire zipangizozo ndi moyo wa kapangidwe kake.
Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse ndi zinthu zathu mukazigwiritsa ntchito, gulu logulitsa pambuyo pake lidzakupatsani yankho mwachangu, ndi luso laukadaulo komanso malingaliro abwino kuti akuthandizeni kuthetsa mavuto onse.
Q: Kodi opanga a UA ndi otani?
A: Inde, ndife opanga machubu achitsulo ozungulira omwe ali m'mudzi wa Daqiuzhuang, mumzinda wa Tianjin, China.
Q: Kodi ndingapeze oda yoyesera matani angapo okha?
A: Inde. Tikhoza kukutumizirani katundu ndi ntchito ya LCL. (Kulemera kwa chidebe chochepa)
Q: Ngati chitsanzo chilibe ufulu?
A: Chitsanzo chilibe kanthu, koma wogula amalipira katunduyo.
Q: Kodi ndinu ogulitsa golide ndipo mumagulitsa chitsimikizo?
A: Ife tapereka golide kwa zaka 13 ndipo timavomereza chitsimikizo cha malonda.












