Kaboni yachitsulo yopanda chitsulo - gulu lachifumu

1. Kutulutsa kotentha (Kutalika kwa Stomly Steel): Kutentha Kwambiri → Kusunga
Zojambula zogulira zopanda pake ndizozungulira chubu chozungulira, mluza wozungulira chubu chimadulidwa ndikupangika ndi kutsika kwa ma meter 1 ndikutumiza ku ng'anjoyo ndikutentha kwa lamba ndi kutentha kwa lalt. Billet imadyetsedwa mu ng'anjo ndikutenthetsa pafupifupi 1200 digiri Celsius. Mafuta ndi hydrogen kapena acetylene. Kutentha kwa kutentha ndiye vuto lalikulu. Pambuyo pa chubu chozungulira pillet, chimapangidwa ndi nkhonya. Nthawi zambiri, chojambula chodziwika bwino ndi wowonera wa collorator. Makina odzozera amtunduwu ali ndi ntchito yodzozera kwambiri, yabwino yopanga zinthu, yabwino kwambiri, mainchesi yayikulu yonunkhira ndipo imatha kuvala chitsulo chosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pa zopangira, chubu chozungulira chikuyenda bwino ndi ma diapoonal atatu apamwamba, kupitiliza kapena kutulutsidwa. Pambuyo poledzeretsa, chitolirocho chikuyenera kuchotsedwa kuti liziyenda bwino. Chula chimazungulira mluza wachiwiri kudzera mu kubowola kokwanira kupita kumayendedwe ndikupanga mapaipi achitsulo. Umodzi wamkati wa chitoliro cha chitsulo chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwakunja kwa caliper pobowola pang'ono. Pambuyo poyamwa chitoliro chachitsulo, chimalowa pa nsanja yozizira ndipo imakhazikika ndi madzi owaza. Pambuyo pozizira chitoliro chachitsulo, chimawongoleredwa.
2. Mayeso a hydrostatic (oyang'anira) → Kulemba → Kusunga.
Njira yoyesera yojambulira yozizira (yogudubuza) chitoliro chachitsulo chosawoneka bwino kuposa chopanda kutentha (potuluka) chitoliro chachitsulo chosawoneka. Njira zitatu zoyambirira zopanga zawo ndizofanana. Kusiyana kwa gawo lachinayi, chubu chozungulira chivundikiro pambuyo pa nkhonya, kumutu, kuyandikira. Pambuyo pa chilema, madzi apadera a acidic amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha. Pambuyo posankha, mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi mankhwala apadera a rexilolet chubu pambuyo kujambula angapo ozizira (ozizira). Pambuyo pa kutentha chithandizo, zimayang'anidwa.