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Kukula kwa Makampani Opanga Zitsulo
Makampani Opanga Zitsulo ku China Atsegula Nthawi Yatsopano Yosintha Zinthu
Wang Tie, Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti Yoona za Msika wa Carbon ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Kusintha kwa Nyengo mu Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe, anayimirira pa siteji ya Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 2025 Wokhudza Kuchepetsa Mpweya wa Carbon mu Makampani Omanga Zipangizo ndipo adalengeza kuti mafakitale atatu a zitsulo, simenti ndi aluminiyamu ayamba ntchito yoyamba yogawa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wa carbon ndi kuchotsa mpweya woipa ndi kutsatira malamulo. Ndondomekoyi idzaphimba matani ena 3 biliyoni a mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wa carbon womwe umayendetsedwa ndi msika wa carbon mdziko lonse kuchoka pa 40% kufika pa 60% ya dziko lonse.
Ndondomeko ndi Malamulo Amayendetsa Kusintha kwa Zomera
1. Makampani opanga zitsulo padziko lonse lapansi ali mkati mwa kusintha kwa chete. Pamene msika wa carbon ku China ukukula, mayunitsi atsopano otulutsa mpweya okwana 1,500 awonjezedwa kuwonjezera pa makampani opanga magetsi okwana 2,200, ndipo makampani opanga zitsulo ndi omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe wapempha makampani kuti alimbikitse udindo wawo, agwire ntchito yabwino pakuwongolera bwino deta, ndikupanga mapulani asayansi a kuchotsera mtengo wa quota kumapeto kwa chaka.
2. Kupanikizika kwa mfundo kukusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yoyendetsera kusintha kwa mafakitale. Pa msonkhano wa atolankhani wa Bungwe la Boma, Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso unagogomezera kuti kusintha kobiriwira kwa mafakitale achikhalidwe kuyenera kukhala patsogolo, ndipo makampani achitsulo ali pamwamba pa mafakitale anayi ofunikira. Njira yeniyeniyo yafotokozedwa bwino: kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zotsalira mu zipangizo zopangira, ndi cholinga chowonjezera chiwerengerochi kufika pa 22% pofika chaka cha 2027.
3. Ndondomeko zapadziko lonse lapansi zikukonzanso momwe mafakitale amagwirira ntchito. European green ikukakamiza makampani achitsulo am'deralo kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wotsika wa kaboni monga mphamvu ya hydrogen; India ikufuna kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kupanga matani 300 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030 kudzera mu ndondomeko zachitsulo zadziko lonse. Mapu a malonda achitsulo padziko lonse lapansi ajambulidwanso, ndipo zopinga zamitengo ndi chitetezo cha madera zafulumizitsa kukonzanso kwa unyolo wopereka katundu m'madera.
4. Mu Chigawo cha Xisaishan, Chigawo cha Hubei, 54 yapaderachitsuloMakampani opitilira kukula komwe kwatchulidwa akumanga malo opangira mafakitale okwana 100 biliyoni. Fucheng Machinery yachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 20% kudzera mu kusintha kwa makina oyeretsera mwanzeru, ndipo zinthu zake zimatumizidwa ku South Korea ndi India. Mgwirizano pakati pa chitsogozo cha mfundo ndi machitidwe amakampani ukukonzanso kapangidwe ka malo ndi malingaliro azachuma opanga zitsulo.
Zatsopano za Ukadaulo, Kudutsa Malire a Kugwira Ntchito Kwa Zinthu Zofunika
1. Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zinthu kukuphwanya malire a magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo. Mu Julayi 2025, Chengdu Institute of Advanced Metal Materials idalengeza patent ya "njira yochizira kutentha kuti ikonze magwiridwe antchito otsika kutentha kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokalamba cha martensitic". Mwa kuwongolera bwino njira yolimba ya 830-870℃ yotsika kutentha komanso njira yochizira ukalamba ya 460-485℃, vuto la kusokonekera kwa chitsulo m'malo ovuta kwambiri linathetsedwa.
2. Zinthu zatsopano zofunika kwambiri zimachokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosowa. Pa Julayi 14, bungwe la China Rare Earth Society linawunika zotsatira za "Rare Earth Corrosion Resistant".Chitsulo cha Kaboni"Pulojekiti ya Ukadaulo ndi Kukulitsa Ukadaulo". Gulu la akatswiri lotsogozedwa ndi Katswiri wa Maphunziro Gan Yong linatsimikiza kuti ukadaulo wafika pa "mlingo wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi".
3. Gulu la Pulofesa Dong Han ku Shanghai University lavumbulutsa njira yonse yolimbana ndi dzimbiri ya nthaka yosowa yomwe imasintha mawonekedwe a zinthu zomwe zaphatikizidwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya malire a tirigu ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a zigawo zoteteza dzimbiri. Kupambana kumeneku kwawonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zitsulo wamba za Q235 ndi Q355 ndi 30%-50%, pomwe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachikhalidwe zowononga nyengo ndi 30%.
4. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitikanso pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zitsulo zosagwedezeka ndi chivomerezi.mbale yachitsulo yotenthedwaChopangidwa chatsopano ndi Ansteel Co., Ltd. chimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake kapadera (Cu: 0.5%-0.8%, Cr: 2%-4%, Al: 2%-3%), ndipo chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndi chivomerezi chokhala ndi δ≥0.08 kudzera muukadaulo wolondola wowongolera kutentha, kupereka chitsimikizo chatsopano cha chitetezo cha nyumba.
5. Pankhani ya zitsulo zapadera, Daye Special Steel ndi China Iron and Steel Research Institute adamanga pamodzi National Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, ndipo chitsulo chachikulu chokhala ndi injini ya ndege chomwe chidapangidwa ndi iyo chapambana Mphoto ya CITIC Group Science and Technology. Zatsopanozi zapititsa patsogolo mpikisano wa zitsulo zapadera zaku China pamsika wapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Chitsulo Chapadera Chapamwamba, Msana Watsopano Wopangira Zinthu ku China
1. Kupanga zitsulo zapadera ku China kumawononga 40% ya zonse padziko lonse lapansi, koma kusintha kwenikweni kuli pakukweza khalidwe. Mu 2023, kupanga zitsulo zapadera zapamwamba ku China kudzafika matani 51.13 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 7% pachaka; mu 2024, kupanga zitsulo zonse zamabizinesi apamwamba apamwamba mdziko lonse kudzafika matani pafupifupi 138 miliyoni. Kumbuyo kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu, kukweza kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale ndikokulirapo.
2. Mizinda isanu kum'mwera kwa Jiangsu yapanga gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zitsulo zapadera padziko lonse lapansi. Magulu apadera a zitsulo ndi zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri ku Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou ndi madera ena adzakhala ndi phindu lotulutsa la yuan 821.5 biliyoni mu 2023, ndi kutulutsa kwa matani pafupifupi 30 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa 23.5% ya kupanga kwachitsulo chapadera mdzikolo. Kumbuyo kwa ziwerengerozi kuli kusintha kwabwino kwa kapangidwe kazinthu - kuchokera kuchitsulo wamba chomangira kupita ku minda yowonjezereka monga zipolopolo zatsopano za batri yamagetsi, ma shaft a mota, ndi machubu a boiler amphamvu yamphamvu ya nyukiliya.
3. Makampani otsogola akutsogolera kusintha kwa zinthu. Ndi mphamvu yopangira chitsulo chapadera chokwana matani 20 miliyoni pachaka, CITIC Special Steel yamanga njira yonse yopangira zinthu zapamwamba kudzera mu kukonzanso zinthu monga kugula Tianjin.Chitoliro chachitsuloBaosteel Co., Ltd. yapitiliza kupanga zinthu zatsopano m'magawo a chitsulo cha silicon cholunjika ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri, ndipo iyambitsa zinthu zinayi zapamwamba za chitsulo cha silicon cholunjika padziko lonse lapansi mu 2024.
4. TISCO Stainless Steel yasintha ma plate a 304LG kuti ipange sitima/matanki a MARKⅢ LNG, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ikhale patsogolo kwambiri.chitsulo chosapanga dzimbirimsika. Izi zikusonyeza kusintha kwa makampani apadera a zitsulo ku China kuchoka pa "kutsatira" kupita ku "kuthamanga limodzi" kenako kufika pa "kutsogolera" m'madera ena.
Mafakitale Opanda Mpweya ndi Chuma Chozungulira, Kuyambira pa Lingaliro Mpaka Kuchita Zinthu Mwanzeru
1. Chitsulo chobiriwira chikusintha kuchoka pa lingaliro kupita ku zenizeni. Zhenshi Group's Oriental Special Steel Project imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wonse woyaka mpweya kuti ichepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya gasi wachilengedwe mu uvuni wotenthetsera ndi chitsulo cha 8Nm³/t, pomwe ikuchotsa njira yochotsera mpweya kuti ipange mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, kupanga kwake kwa njira yamagetsi - kuphatikiza kwa njira yosungira mphamvu ya 50MW/200MWh ndi siteshoni yamagetsi yogawa ya photovoltaic kuti imange netiweki yolumikizirana yamagetsi obiriwira "yosungira magwero".
2. Njira yozungulira yachuma ikufulumira mumakampani opanga zitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wophatikizana wa kupanga zinyalala zolimba ndi ukadaulo wokonza zinyalala zokhala ndi chromium kumathandiza Oriental Special Steel kukwaniritsa miyezo ya "ultra-low" mlengalenga (4mg/Nm³) ku Jiaxing. Ku Hubei, Zhenhua Chemical idayika ndalama zokwana 100 miliyoni yuan kuti imange fakitale yanzeru, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti carbon ichepetse matani 120,000 pachaka; Xisai Power Plant idapulumutsa matani 32,000 a malasha kudzera mu kusintha kwaukadaulo.
3. Kusintha kwa digito kwakhala njira yolimbikitsira kusintha kobiriwira. Xingcheng Special Steel yakhala "fakitale yoyamba ya nyali" mumakampani opanga zitsulo zapadera padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo Nangang Co., Ltd. yapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa zida, machitidwe ndi deta kudzera pa nsanja yapaintaneti yamafakitale6. Kampani ya Hubei Hongrui Ma New Materials yasintha digito, ndipo ogwira ntchito amatha kuyang'anira maoda, zinthu zomwe zili m'nyumba ndi kuwunika kwabwino kudzera pazenera zamagetsi. Pambuyo pa kusinthaku, phindu la kampaniyo linakwera ndi zoposa 20%.
4. Chigawo cha Xiisashan chakhazikitsa njira yolima bwino ya "kupititsa patsogolo ndi kukhazikika kwa malamulo - specialization ndi innovation - single champion - green manufacturing". Pali kale mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati a "specialization and innovation" okwana 20 m'chigawo, ndipo Daye Special Steel ndi Zhenhua Chemical akhala mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono adziko lonse. Njira yotsatsira iyi yotsogola imapereka njira yotheka yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko cha zomera kwa mabizinesi amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mavuto ndi Ziyembekezo: Njira Yokhayo Yokhalira Dziko Lolimba la Zitsulo
1. Njira yopita ku kusintha ikadali yodzaza ndi minga. Makampani apadera a zitsulo akukumana ndi mavuto ovuta mu theka lachiwiri la 2025: Ngakhale kuti masewera a msonkho pakati pa Sino-US achepa, kusatsimikizika kwa malo amalonda apadziko lonse lapansi kukupitirirabe; njira yamkati ya "general to superior" ikukhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa msika wa rebar, ndipo njira yopangira mabizinesi ikugwedezeka. M'kanthawi kochepa, kutsutsana pakati pa kupereka ndi kufunikira m'makampaniwa n'kovuta kuthetsa, ndipo mitengo ikhoza kukhalabe yotsika.
2. Kupanikizika kwa mtengo ndi zopinga zaukadaulo zimagwirizana. Ngakhale njira zatsopano monga ukadaulo wa anode wopanda kaboni wa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zobiriwira za hydrogen zapita patsogolo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kumafunikabe nthawi. Pulojekiti ya Oriental Special Steel imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga zitsulo ya "ng'anjo yosungunuka + AOD", yokhala ndi magawo awiri ndi atatu, ndikukonza njira yoperekera zinthu kudzera mu ma algorithms anzeru, koma ndalama zaukadaulo zotere zikadali zolemetsa kwambiri kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.
3. Mwayi wamsika nawonso ndi womveka bwino. Kufunika kwa chitsulo chapadera chapamwamba kwambiri mu zida zatsopano zamagetsi, magalimoto amagetsi, zomangamanga zatsopano ndi madera ena kwawonjezeka. Mapulojekiti amagetsi monga mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi mayunitsi ofunikira kwambiri akhala injini zatsopano zokulirakulira kwa chitsulo chapadera chapamwamba. Zofunikira izi zapangitsa makampani opanga zitsulo ku China kusintha kwambiri kukhala "apamwamba, anzeru, komanso obiriwira".
4. Chithandizo cha ndondomeko chikupitirirabe kukwera. Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso upereka ndikukhazikitsa mapulani atsopano ogwirira ntchito kuti akhazikitse kukula kwa makampani opanga zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kukula ndikulimbikitsa kusintha. Pamlingo wazinthu zatsopano, gwiritsani ntchito ndikumanga chitsanzo chachikulu cha makampani opanga zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, limbikitsani kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa ukadaulo wanzeru zopanga ndi makampani, ndikupereka mphamvu zatsopano zopitira patsogolo paukadaulo.
Kampani Yathu
Zamgululi Zazikulu
Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Chitsulo cha Carbon, Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri, Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Aluminiyamu, Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Mkuwa ndi Mkuwa, ndi zina zotero.
Ubwino Wathu
Utumiki wosintha zitsanzo, kulongedza ndi kutumiza zinthu panyanja, upangiri waukadaulo wa 1v1, kusintha kukula kwa chinthu, kusintha kulongedza zinthu, zinthu zapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo
GULU LA MFUMU
Adilesi
Malo oyendetsera chitukuko cha Kangsheng,
Chigawo cha Wuqing, mzinda wa Tianjin, China.
Maola
Lolemba-Lamlungu: Utumiki wa maola 24
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-25-2025