Chitoliro cha APIimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale amagetsi monga mafuta ndi gasi. Bungwe la American Petroleum Institute (API) lakhazikitsa miyezo yokhwima yomwe imalamulira mbali iliyonse ya chitoliro cha API, kuyambira pakupanga mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi yabwino komanso yotetezeka.

Mulu wa mapaipi achitsulo a API 5L umayikidwa bwino pamodzi, ndi mitundu inayake ya zinthu zolembedwa pa mapaipi, zomwe zikuyimira khalidwe lapamwamba komanso kudalirika.

Chitoliro cha API 5LMiyezo ya Chitsimikizo

Chitsimikizo cha chitoliro chachitsulo cha API chimatsimikizira kuti opanga amapanga zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za API nthawi zonse. Kuti apeze API monogram, makampani ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo. Choyamba, ayenera kukhala ndi njira yoyendetsera khalidwe yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa miyezi inayi kapena kupitirira ndipo ikutsatira kwathunthu API Specification Q1. API Specification Q1, monga muyezo wotsogola woyendetsera khalidwe la makampani, sikuti imangokwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri za ISO 9001 komanso imaphatikizapo zinthu zinazake zogwirizana ndi zosowa zapadera za makampani amafuta ndi gasi. Chachiwiri, makampani ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino komanso molondola njira yawo yoyendetsera khalidwe m'buku lawo la malangizo, lomwe limafotokoza zofunikira zonse za API Specification Q1. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ayenera kukhala ndi luso lofunikira laukadaulo kuti atsimikizire kuti akhoza kupanga zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za API product. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wamkati ndi woyang'anira nthawi zonse motsatira API Specification Q1, ndikusunga zolemba zatsatanetsatane za njira yowunikira ndi zotsatira. Ponena za zofunikira za malonda, ofunsira ayenera kusunga kopi imodzi ya mtundu waposachedwa wa API Q1 specification ndi zofunikira za API product za layisensi yomwe akufunsira. Zofunikira za malonda ziyenera kufalitsidwa ndi API ndipo zikupezeka kudzera mu API kapena wogulitsa wovomerezeka. Kumasulira mabuku a API mosaloledwa popanda chilolezo cholembedwa cha API ndi kuphwanya malamulo okhudza kukopera.

Zipangizo Zofala za API Steel Pipe

Zipangizo zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chitoliro cha API ndi A53, A106, ndi X42 (mtundu wachitsulo wamba mu muyezo wa API 5L). Zimasiyana kwambiri mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, ndi zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito, monga momwe zasonyezedwera patebulo pansipa:

Mtundu wa Zinthu	Miyezo	Makhalidwe Opangira Mankhwala	Katundu wa Makina (Mitengo Yachizolowezi)	Madera Ofunikira Kwambiri
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha A53	ASTM A53	Chitsulo cha kaboni chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri, A ndi B. Giredi A ili ndi kuchuluka kwa kaboni kwa ≤0.25% ndi kuchuluka kwa manganese kwa 0.30-0.60%; Giredi B ili ndi kuchuluka kwa kaboni kwa ≤0.30% ndi kuchuluka kwa manganese kwa 0.60-1.05%. Ilibe zinthu zosakaniza.	Mphamvu Yotulutsa: Giredi A ≥250 MPa, Giredi B ≥290 MPa; Mphamvu Yokoka: Giredi A ≥415 MPa, Giredi B ≥485 MPa	Kutumiza madzi othamanga pang'ono (monga madzi ndi gasi) ndi mapaipi opangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, oyenera malo osawononga.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha A106	ASTM A106	Chitsulo cha kaboni chotentha kwambiri chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu, A, B, ndi C. Kuchuluka kwa kaboni kumawonjezeka ndi kalasi (Giredi A ≤0.27%, Giredi C ≤0.35%). Kuchuluka kwa manganese ndi 0.29-1.06%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa sulfure ndi phosphorous kumawongoleredwa kwambiri.	Mphamvu Yokoka: Giredi A ≥240 MPa, Giredi B ≥275 MPa, Giredi C ≥310 MPa; Mphamvu Yokoka: Zonse ≥415 MPa	Mapaipi a nthunzi otentha kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri komanso mapaipi oyeretsera mafuta, omwe ayenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri ≤ 425°C).
X42 (API 5L)	API 5L (Mzere wa Chitsulo cha Pipeline)	Chitsulo cholimba kwambiri komanso chopanda aloyi chili ndi mpweya wokwanira ≤0.26% ndipo chili ndi zinthu monga manganese ndi silicon. Zinthu zophatikizana monga niobium ndi vanadium nthawi zina zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ndi kulimba.	Mphamvu Yotulutsa ≥290 MPa; Mphamvu Yokoka 415-565 MPa; Kulimba kwa Impact (-10°C) ≥40 J	Mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi achilengedwe oyenda mtunda wautali, makamaka omwe amanyamula mafuta ochulukirapo komanso mtunda wautali, amatha kupirira malo ovuta monga kupsinjika kwa nthaka ndi kutentha kochepa.

Chidziwitso Chowonjezera:
A53 ndi A106 ndi a dongosolo la ASTM. Loyamba limayang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanthawi zonse kutentha kwa chipinda, pomwe lomaliza limayang'ana kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a kutentha kwambiri.
X42, yomwe ndi yaChitoliro chachitsulo cha API 5Lmuyezo, wapangidwira makamaka kunyamula mafuta ndi gasi, kugogomezera kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa komanso kukana kutopa. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa mapaipi akutali.

Kusankha kuyenera kutengera kuwunika kwathunthu kwa kuthamanga, kutentha, kuwononga kwapakati, ndi malo omwe polojekitiyi ikuyendera. Mwachitsanzo, X42 ndi yabwino kwambiri poyendetsa mafuta ndi gasi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, pomwe A106 ndi yabwino kwambiri poyendetsa nthunzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi.