API chitoliroimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pomanga ndi kuyendetsa mafakitale amagetsi monga mafuta ndi gasi. American Petroleum Institute (API) yakhazikitsa miyeso yokhazikika yomwe imayang'anira mbali iliyonse ya chitoliro cha API, kuyambira kupanga mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito, kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wake ndi chitetezo.

Mulu wa mapaipi achitsulo a API 5L amaikidwa bwino pamodzi, okhala ndi zitsanzo zakuthupi zomwe zalembedwa pamapaipi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kudalirika komanso kudalirika.

API 5L PipeMiyezo Yotsimikizira

Chitsimikizo cha chitoliro chachitsulo cha API chimatsimikizira kuti opanga nthawi zonse amatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi API. Kuti mupeze monogram ya API, makampani ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo. Choyamba, ayenera kukhala ndi kasamalidwe kabwino kamene kakugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa miyezi inayi ndipo ikugwirizana ndi API Specification Q1. API Specification Q1, monga mulingo wotsogola wamakampani, sikuti umangokwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri za ISO 9001 komanso umaphatikizanso zofunikira zogwirizana ndi zosowa zapadera zamakampani amafuta ndi gasi. Chachiwiri, makampani akuyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino komanso molondola kasamalidwe kawo kaubwino m'mabuku awo amtundu, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za API Specification Q1. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ayenera kukhala ndi luso lofunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti atha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomwe API imafunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani amayenera kuchita kafukufuku wamkati ndi kasamalidwe pafupipafupi malinga ndi API Specification Q1, ndikusunga zolembedwa mwatsatanetsatane za kafukufukuyu ndi zotsatira zake. Pankhani ya zomwe zagulitsidwa, olembetsa akuyenera kukhala ndi mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wachingerezi wa API Q1 ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu za API pa laisensi yomwe akufunsira. Zotsatsa ziyenera kusindikizidwa ndi API ndikupezeka kudzera pa API kapena wofalitsa wovomerezeka. Kumasulira kosaloledwa kwa zofalitsa za API popanda chilolezo cholembedwa cha API ndikuphwanya malamulo.

Zida Zodziwika za API Steel Pipe

Zida zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito patoli la API ndi A53, A106, ndi X42 (kalasi yachitsulo mu API 5L standard). Amasiyana kwambiri pamapangidwe amankhwala, mawonekedwe amakanika, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, monga momwe tawonetsera patebulo ili pansipa:

Mtundu Wazinthu	Miyezo	Makhalidwe a Chemical Composition	Katundu Wamakina (Makhalidwe Odziwika)	Main Ntchito Magawo
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha A53	Chithunzi cha ASTM A53	Chitsulo cha carbon chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri, A ndi B. Gulu A lili ndi carbon ≤0.25% ndi manganese 0.30-0.60%; Gulu B lili ndi mpweya wa ≤0.30% ndi manganese 0.60-1.05%. Lilibe alloying zinthu.	Mphamvu Zokolola: Gulu A ≥250 MPa, Gulu B ≥290 MPa; Kuthamanga Kwambiri: Gulu A ≥415 MPa, Gulu B ≥485 MPa	Mayendedwe amadzimadzi ocheperako (monga madzi ndi gasi) ndi mapaipi anthawi zonse, oyenera malo osawononga.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha A106	Chithunzi cha ASTM A106	Chitsulo cha carbon chotentha kwambiri chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu, A, B, ndi C. Zomwe zimakhala ndi carbon zimawonjezeka ndi kalasi (Giredi A ≤0.27%, Grade C ≤0.35%). Zomwe zili ndi manganese ndi 0.29-1.06%, ndipo sulfure ndi phosphorous zimayendetsedwa mosamalitsa.	Mphamvu Zokolola: Gulu A ≥240 MPa, Gulu B ≥275 MPa, Gulu C ≥310 MPa; Kulimbitsa Mphamvu: Zonse ≥415 MPa	Mapaipi otenthetsera kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri komanso mapaipi oyeretsera mafuta, omwe amayenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri ≤ 425 ° C).
X42 (API 5L)	API 5L (Line Pipeline Steel Standard)	Chitsulo chochepa, champhamvu kwambiri chimakhala ndi mpweya wa ≤0.26% ndipo chimakhala ndi zinthu monga manganese ndi silicon. Zinthu za microalloying monga niobium ndi vanadium nthawi zina zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ndi kulimba.	Zokolola Mphamvu ≥290 MPa; Kulimbitsa Mphamvu 415-565 MPa; Kulimba Kwambiri (-10°C) ≥40 J	Mapaipi akutali amafuta ndi gasi achilengedwe, makamaka omwe amayenda mtunda wautali, amatha kupirira malo ovuta monga kupsinjika kwa nthaka komanso kutentha kochepa.

Zowonjezerapo:
A53 ndi A106 ndi a ASTM standard system. Yoyamba imayang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kutentha kwa chipinda, pamene yotsirizirayi imatsindika kwambiri kutentha kwapamwamba.
X42, yomwe ndi yaAPI 5L chitoliro chachitsulomuyezo, wapangidwa makamaka kuti aziyendera mafuta ndi gasi, kutsindika kulimba kwa kutentha komanso kukana kutopa. Ndichinthu chapakati pamapaipi akutali.

Kusankha kuyenera kutengera kuwunika kokwanira kwa kuthamanga, kutentha, kuwononga kwapakatikati, ndi malo a polojekiti. Mwachitsanzo, X42 imakondedwa pamayendedwe othamanga kwambiri amafuta ndi gasi, pomwe A106 imakondedwa pamakina otentha kwambiri.