Nkhani - Phunzirani Zambiri Zokhudza Kuyika Mafuta: Kagwiritsidwe, Kusiyanasiyana Kwa mapaipi a API, ndi Zomwe Zili

Phunzirani Zambiri Zokhudza Kuyika Mafuta: Ntchito, Kusiyana Kwa mapaipi a API, ndi Zomwe Zilipo

M'dongosolo lalikulu la mafakitale amafuta, kupaka mafuta kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ndi aChitoliro chachitsuloamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira khoma lachitsime la zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi. Ndilo chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti njira yobowola yosalala komanso yogwira ntchito bwino yamafuta mukamaliza. Chitsime chilichonse chimafunikira zigawo zingapo zapakhomo chifukwa cha kuya kosiyanasiyana kobowola komanso momwe zinthu zilili. Pambuyo potsitsidwa m'chitsime, simenti imafunika. Mosiyana ndi mapaipi amafuta ndi mapaipi obowola, ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumapitilira 70% ya mapaipi onse amafuta. Malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, choyikapo mafuta chimatha kugawidwa m'mapaipi owongolera, ma casings apamwamba, ma casings aukadaulo, ndi ma casings osanjikiza mafuta.

Anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amasokoneza botolo la mafutaAPI Pipe, koma pali kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa ziwirizi. Chitoliro cha API ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chomwe chimapangidwa ndikusindikizidwa ndi American Petroleum Institute, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani amafuta. Chosungira mafuta ndi chitoliro cham'mimba mwake chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kukonza khoma kapena chitsime cha zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi. Mwachidule, chitoliro cha API ndi chokhazikika, ndipo choyikapo mafuta ndi chitoliro chopangidwa motengera muyezowu ndipo chili ndi cholinga chenicheni.

Chophimba chamafuta chili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika. Kuchokera pakuwona mphamvu, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana achitsulo molingana ndi mphamvu yachitsulo chokha, smonga J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, etc., kuti agwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya chitsime ndi kuya kwachitsime. M'madera omwe ali ndi zovuta za geological, casing imayenera kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotsutsana ndi kugwa, kutha kulimbana ndi kupanikizika kwa miyala yozungulira, komanso kuteteza casing kuti isawonongeke ndi kuwonongeka. M'malo okhala ndi ziwopsezo za dzimbiri, chosungiracho chiyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kupewa kupatulira khoma la chitoliro ndikuchepetsa mphamvu chifukwa cha dzimbiri, zomwe zimakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wantchito wa chitsime chamafuta.

Chosungiramo mafuta chimakhala ndi malo osasinthika pakupanga mafuta. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kwapadera, kusiyana kwa mapaipi a API, ndi mawonekedwe ake ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yamafuta ikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso motetezeka.