Nkhani - Chitoliro Chachitsulo cha Mafuta: Zida, Katundu, ndi Makulidwe Wamba

M'makampani akuluakulu amafuta,Mafuta mapaipi achitsulo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati chonyamulira chachikulu popereka mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera mumzu wapansi panthaka kupita kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuchokera pakubowola m'minda yamafuta ndi gasi kupita kumayendedwe apaipi akutali, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaMafuta mapaipi achitsulo, ndi zipangizo zawo zapadera ndi katundu, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yotetezeka ndi yogwira ntchito ya mndandanda wonse wamakampani. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za chitoliro cha chitsulo cha carbon, chitoliro chopanda chitsulo, ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha API 5L (chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chikugwirizana ndi mfundo za API 5L), kuphatikizapo zitsanzo monga API 5L X70 chitoliro, API 5L X60 chitoliro, ndi API 5L X52 chitoliro, kupereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha zipangizo, katundu, ndi kukula kwake.Mafuta mapaipi achitsulo.

API 5L Chitoliro Chovuta Kwambiri Pazoyendera Zamagetsi

Kusanthula Zinthu

1. Chitoliro cha Carbon Steel

Chitoliro chachitsulo cha carbon ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiriMafuta mapaipi achitsulo. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi chitsulo ndi kaboni, ndi manganese ochepa, silicon, sulfure, ndi phosphorous. Mpweya wa carbon umatsimikizira mphamvu ndi kulimba kwachitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa kaboni kumawonjezera mphamvu zachitsulo, koma kulimba ndi kutsekemera kumachepa. M'makampani amafuta, chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chimapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Sizingokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zolimbana ndi zovuta zamayendedwe amafuta ndi gasi, komanso zimakhala ndi kulimba kwina kuti zigwirizane ndi malo ovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, chitoliro cha chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chotsika mtengo ndipo chimakhala chokwera mtengo, ndikupangitsa kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi amafuta ndi gasi.

2. API 5L Zitsulo Pipe Series Zida

API 5L Steel Pipe imapangidwa molingana ndi muyezo wa API 5L wokhazikitsidwa ndi American Petroleum Institute (API) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamapaipi amafuta ndi gasi. Chitoliro chachitsulo ichi chimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kutengera mphamvu yachitsulo, monga X52, X60, ndi X70. Mwachitsanzo, API 5L X52 Pipe imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri champhamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kaboni ndi chitsulo, mulinso zinthu zina monga niobium, vanadium, ndi titaniyamu. Kuwonjezera zinthu alloying izi kwambiri kumawonjezera mphamvu zitsulo ndi kulimba, komanso kumapangitsanso weldability ndi dzimbiri kukana. Zida za Api 5l X60 Pipe ndi Api 5l X70 Pipe zimakonzedwanso kutengera maziko awa. Posintha chiŵerengero cha alloying element ndi njira yochizira kutentha, mphamvu yachitsulo ndi ntchito yonse imakulitsidwanso, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za kayendedwe ka mafuta ndi gasi pansi pa zovuta zazikulu komanso zovuta zogwirira ntchito.

3. Chitoliro Chachitsulo Chopanda Seam

Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimapangidwa kudzera m'njira monga perforation ndi kugudubuza chitoliro. Zinthu zake ndizofanana ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chomwe tatchulacho ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha Api 5l, koma mawonekedwe apadera akupanga kwake kumapereka mwayi wapadera. Chitoliro chosasunthika chilibe ma weld pakhoma lake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ofananirako komanso mphamvu yayikulu. Ikhoza kupirira zipsinjo zapamwamba komanso zovuta zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani amafuta pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, monga mapaipi oponderezedwa kwambiri amafuta ndi gasi ndi machubu.

Katundu ndi Makhalidwe

1. Mphamvu

Mphamvu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mapaipi amafuta, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo chawo panthawi yoyendetsa mafuta ndi gasi. Gulu lamphamvu la API 5l mndandanda wazitsulo zazitsulo zikuwonetsedwa ndi nambala yotsatira "X." Mwachitsanzo, X52 imasonyeza mphamvu zokolola zochepa za 52 ksi (makilopaundi pa inchi imodzi), zofanana ndi pafupifupi 360 MPa mu megapascals; X60 ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zokolola za 60 ksi (pafupifupi 414 MPa); ndipo X70 ili ndi mphamvu zokolola zochepa za 70 ksi (pafupifupi 483 MPa). Pamene mphamvu kalasi ukuwonjezeka, kuthamanga chitoliro akhoza kupirira ukuwonjezeka moyenerera, kupangitsa kukhala oyenera mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi ndi zosiyanasiyana kuthamanga amafuna. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka yunifolomu komanso kugawa kwamphamvu kokhazikika, kumachita bwino polimbana ndi zovuta zazikulu.

2. Kukanika kwa dzimbiri

Mayendedwe amafuta ndi gasi amatha kukhala ndi zida zowononga monga hydrogen sulfide ndi carbon dioxide, kotero mapaipi amafuta ayenera kukhala ndi mulingo wina wokana dzimbiri. Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chimakhala ndi kukana kofooka kwa dzimbiri, koma kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumatha kupitilizidwa powonjezera zinthu za alloying (monga chromium ndi molybdenum pamndandanda wa Api 5l) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala odana ndi dzimbiri (monga zokutira ndi zokutira). Kupyolera mu kapangidwe ndi kukonza zinthu zoyenera, Api 5l X70 Pipe, X60 Pipe, ndi X52 Pipe, pakati pa ena, amakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki m'malo owononga.

3. Weldability

Pakumanga mapaipi amafuta, mapaipi achitsulo ayenera kulumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera, kupangitsa kuwotcherera kukhala gawo lofunikira la chitoliro chachitsulo chapaipi yamafuta. Api 5l mndandanda zitsulo chitoliro anapangidwa makamaka weldability kwambiri, kuonetsetsa mphamvu ndi zomangika wa mfundo welded. Ma welds apamwamba amathanso kupezeka ndi chitoliro cha chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zowotcherera.

Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mafuta amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kusiyana kwa mapaipi a API, ndi mawonekedwe ake

Makulidwe Ofanana

1. Kunja Diameter

Mipope yachitsulo ya mapaipi amafuta imabwera m'mamita osiyanasiyana akunja kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamayendedwe. Common awiri akunja kukula kwake kwa Api 5L mndandanda zitsulo mipope monga 114.3mm (4 mainchesi), 168.3mm (6.625 mainchesi), 219.1mm (8.625 mainchesi), 273.1mm (10.75 mainchesi), 323.9mm (12.75 mainchesi), 35mm (16.65 mainchesi), 45 mm mainchesi), 457.2mm (18 mainchesi), 508mm (20 mainchesi), 559mm (22 mainchesi), ndi 610mm (24 mainchesi). Kukula kwakunja kwa mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko ndi ofanana ndi amtundu wa Api 5L, koma makulidwe osakhazikika amathanso kupangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamakasitomala.

2. Makulidwe a Khoma

Makulidwe a khoma ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza mphamvu ndi kunyamula katundu wa mapaipi achitsulo. Makulidwe a khoma la mapaipi achitsulo a petroleum amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa komanso zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kutengera API 5L X52 chitoliro monga chitsanzo, kwa awiri akunja awiri a 114.3mm, wamba khoma makulidwe monga 4.0mm, 4.5mm, ndi 5.0mm. Kwa awiri akunja a 219.1mm, makulidwe a khoma angakhale 6.0mm, 7.0mm, kapena 8.0mm. Mapaipi a API 5L X60 ndi X70, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapamwamba, amakhala ndi makoma okhuthala kuposa mapaipi a X52 akunja komweko kuti atsimikizire mphamvu ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chopanda msoko akhoza kuyendetsedwa ndendende potengera njira zopangira komanso zomwe makasitomala amafuna, kuyambira 2mm mpaka makumi angapo mamilimita.

3. Utali

Muyezo kutalika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chamafuta nthawi zambiri ndi 6 metres, 12 metres, etc., kuti zitheke zoyendera ndi zomangamanga. M'mapulogalamu enieni, kutalika kwachizoloŵezi kungathenso kupangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zenizeni za polojekiti ya payipi, kuchepetsa ntchito yocheka ndi kuwotcherera pa malo ndikuwongolera ntchito yomanga.

Mwachidule, zinthu, katundu, ndi miyeso ochiritsira waMafuta mapaipi achitsulo ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Chitoliro cha Carbon Steel, Seamless Steel Pipe, ndi mapaipi achitsulo muApi 5l Chitoliro chachitsulomndandanda, monga X70, X60, ndi X52, aliyense amatenga gawo lofunikira m'malo osiyanasiyanaMafuta mafakitale chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wapadera. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaMafuta mafakitale, magwiridwe antchito ndi zofunikira zamtundu waMafuta mapaipi achitsulo akuchulukirachulukira. M'tsogolomu, zambiri zapamwambaMafuta mapaipi achitsulo adzapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zosowa za zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso maulendo aatali, othamanga kwambiri.