Nkhani - Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha Mafuta: Zipangizo, Katundu, ndi Kukula Kofanana

Mu makampani akuluakulu amafuta,Mafuta Mapaipi achitsulo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popereka mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera pansi pa nthaka kupita kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuyambira ntchito zobowola m'minda ya mafuta ndi gasi mpaka kunyamula mapaipi akutali, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaMafuta mapaipi achitsulo, ndi zipangizo zawo zapadera ndi makhalidwe awo, zimaonetsetsa kuti unyolo wonse wa mafakitale ukugwira ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni, chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha API 5L (chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chimakwaniritsa miyezo ya API 5L), kuphatikizapo zitsanzo wamba monga chitoliro cha API 5L X70, chitoliro cha API 5L X60, ndi chitoliro cha API 5L X52, kupereka chiyambi chatsatanetsatane cha zipangizo, makhalidwe, ndi kukula kofanana kwaMafuta mapaipi achitsulo.

Chitoliro cha API 5L Chitoliro Chofunikira Kwambiri Pakuyendetsa Mphamvu

Kusanthula Zinthu

1. Chitoliro cha Zitsulo za Mpweya

Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiriMafuta Mapaipi achitsulo. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi chitsulo ndi kaboni, ndi manganese, silicon, sulfure, ndi phosphorous pang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa kaboni kumatsimikiza mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa chitsulo. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa kaboni kumawonjezera mphamvu yachitsulo, koma kulimba ndi kusinthasintha kumachepa. Mumakampani opanga mafuta, chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chimapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Sikuti chimangokhalira ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopirira kupsinjika kwa mafuta ndi gasi, komanso chimakhala ndi mphamvu inayake yosinthira ku malo ovuta a nthaka. Kuphatikiza apo, chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni ndi chotsika mtengo ndipo chimapereka ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi.

2. Zida za API 5L Steel Pipe Series

Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha API 5L chimapangidwa motsatira muyezo wa API 5L womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi American Petroleum Institute (API) ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi. Chitoliro chachitsulochi chimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kutengera mphamvu ya chitsulocho, monga X52, X60, ndi X70. Mwachitsanzo, Chitoliro cha API 5L X52 chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri chopanda aloyi. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zoyambira monga kaboni ndi chitsulo, chilinso ndi zinthu zophatikiza monga niobium, vanadium, ndi titaniyamu. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa zinthu zophatikiza izi kumawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa chitsulocho, komanso kumawonjezera kusunthika kwake ndi kukana dzimbiri. Zipangizo za Chitoliro cha Api 5l X60 ndi Chitoliro cha Api 5l X70 zimakonzedwanso kutengera maziko awa. Mwa kusintha chiŵerengero cha zinthu zophatikiza ndi njira yochizira kutentha, mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito achitsulocho zimawonjezeka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chikwaniritse zosowa za kayendedwe ka mafuta ndi gasi pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso mikhalidwe yovuta yogwirira ntchito.

3. Chitoliro Chosapanga Msoko

Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chimapangidwa kudzera mu njira monga kuboola ndi kuzunguliza mapaipi. Zipangizo zake ndizofanana ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha Api 5l, koma mawonekedwe apadera a njira yake yopangira amachipatsa ubwino wapadera. Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chilibe zotchingira pakhoma pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chofanana komanso champhamvu kwambiri. Chimatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso nyengo zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mafuta pazinthu zomwe zimafuna magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, monga mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi opanikizika kwambiri komanso mitu ya zitsime.

Katundu ndi Makhalidwe

1. Mphamvu

Mphamvu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa mapaipi amafuta, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo chawo panthawi yoyendera mafuta ndi gasi. Mphamvu ya mapaipi achitsulo a API 5l ikuwonetsedwa ndi nambala yotsatira "X." Mwachitsanzo, X52 imasonyeza mphamvu yocheperako ya 52 ksi (kilopaundi pa inchi imodzi), yofanana ndi pafupifupi 360 MPa mu megapascals; X60 ili ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 60 ksi (pafupifupi 414 MPa); ndipo X70 ili ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 70 ksi (pafupifupi 483 MPa). Pamene mphamvu ikukwera, kupanikizika komwe payipi ingathe kupirira kumawonjezeka moyenerera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi omwe ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kupanikizika. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kofanana komanso kugawa mphamvu kokhazikika, chimagwira ntchito bwino chikapirira kupsinjika kwakukulu.

2. Kukana Kudzikundikira

Kuyendera mafuta ndi gasi lachilengedwe kungakhale ndi zinthu zowononga monga hydrogen sulfide ndi carbon dioxide, kotero mapaipi amafuta ayenera kukhala ndi mulingo winawake wotsutsa dzimbiri. Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni mwachibadwa chimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kochepa, koma kukana kwake dzimbiri kumatha kusinthidwa kwambiri powonjezera zinthu zosakaniza (monga chromium ndi molybdenum mu mndandanda wa Api 5l) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri pamwamba (monga zokutira ndi zophimba). Pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ndi kukonza zinthu koyenera, Api 5l X70 Pipe, X60 Pipe, ndi X52 Pipe, pakati pa ena, zimakhala ndi moyo wautali m'malo owononga.

3. Kutha kupotoza

Pa nthawi yomanga mapaipi amafuta, mapaipi achitsulo ayenera kulumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kukhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa mapaipi achitsulo a mapaipi amafuta. Chitoliro chachitsulo cha Api 5l chapangidwa makamaka kuti chiwotchetse bwino kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti malo olumikizirana ali olimba komanso olimba. Mawotchele apamwamba kwambiri amathanso kupezeka ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zowotcherera.

Dziwani zambiri za momwe mafuta amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kusiyana kwa mapaipi a API, ndi mawonekedwe ake

Kukula Kofanana

1. M'mimba mwake wakunja

Mapaipi achitsulo a mapaipi amafuta amabwera m'madigiri osiyanasiyana akunja kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zoyendera. Kukula kwapadera kwa mapaipi achitsulo a Api 5L ndi 114.3mm (mainchesi 4), 168.3mm (mainchesi 6.625), 219.1mm (mainchesi 8.625), 273.1mm (mainchesi 10.75), 323.9mm (mainchesi 12.75), 355.6mm (mainchesi 14), 406.4mm (mainchesi 16), 457.2mm (mainchesi 18), 508mm (mainchesi 20), 559mm (mainchesi 22), ndi 610mm (mainchesi 24). Kukula kwakunja kwa mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko ndi kofanana ndi kwa mndandanda wa Api 5L, koma kukula kosakhala kwachizolowezi kumatha kupangidwanso kuti kukwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala.

2. Kukhuthala kwa Khoma

Kukhuthala kwa khoma ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza mphamvu ndi mphamvu zonyamula katundu za mapaipi achitsulo. Kukhuthala kwa khoma la mapaipi achitsulo cha petroleum kumasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Potengera chitoliro cha API 5L X52 mwachitsanzo, cha m'mimba mwake wakunja wa 114.3mm, makulidwe ofanana a khoma ndi 4.0mm, 4.5mm, ndi 5.0mm. Cha m'mimba mwake wakunja wa 219.1mm, makulidwe a khoma akhoza kukhala 6.0mm, 7.0mm, kapena 8.0mm. Mapaipi a API 5L X60 ndi X70, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwawo kwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makoma okhuthala kuposa mapaipi a X52 a m'mimba mwake wakunja womwewo kuti atsimikizire kulimba koyenera komanso chitetezo. Kukhuthala kwa khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika kumatha kulamulidwa molondola kutengera njira zopangira ndi zosowa za makasitomala, kuyambira 2mm mpaka makumi angapo a mamilimita.

3. Kutalika

Kutalika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo cha mafuta nthawi zambiri kumakhala mamita 6, mamita 12, ndi zina zotero, kuti zikhale zosavuta kunyamula ndi kumanga. Mu ntchito zenizeni, kutalika kwapadera kumatha kupangidwanso kutengera zofunikira za polojekiti ya mapaipi, kuchepetsa ntchito yodula ndi kuwotcherera pamalopo ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito omanga.

Mwachidule, zinthu, makhalidwe, ndi miyeso yachizolowezi yaMafuta Mapaipi achitsulo ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kapangidwe ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo. Mapaipi achitsulo a kaboni, Mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ndi mapaipi achitsulo muChitoliro cha Chitsulo cha Api 5lmndandanda, monga X70, X60, ndi X52, uliwonse umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana aMafuta makampani chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wapadera. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira chaMafuta makampani, magwiridwe antchito ndi zofunikira pa khalidwe laMafuta Mapaipi achitsulo akukhwima kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, ntchito yabwino kwambiriMafuta Mapaipi achitsulo adzapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mikhalidwe yovuta yogwirira ntchito komanso mayendedwe akutali komanso amphamvu.