Nkhani - Makhalidwe a Chitoliro Chopanda Chitsulo, Kupanga, ndi Kalozera Wogula

M'mapaipi a mafakitale ndi ntchito zamapangidwe,mapaipi opanda zitsulokukhala ndi udindo wapamwamba chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wapadera. Kusiyanitsa kwawo ndi mapaipi opangidwa ndi welded ndi makhalidwe awo achibadwa ndizofunikira kwambiri posankha chitoliro choyenera.

chitoliro chopanda msoko komanso choyezera - ROYAL GROUP

Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko imapereka maubwino apakatikati kuposa mapaipi owotcherera. Mapaipi owotcherera amapangidwa ndi kuwotcherera mbale zitsulo palimodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti seams weld. Izi zimalepheretsa kukana kwawo kukakamiza ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kutayikira pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa ma seams. Komano, mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika, amapangidwa kudzera mu njira imodzi yopangira mpukutu, kuchotsa seams zilizonse. Amatha kupirira kupsinjika ndi kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odalirika pamagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mayendedwe amafuta ndi gasi komanso ma boilers othamanga kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko amapereka makulidwe okulirapo a khoma, amachotsa kusiyanasiyana kwa makulidwe a khoma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwotcherera, kukonza kukhazikika kwamapangidwe, komanso kumathandizira kukana dzimbiri. Moyo wawo wautumiki nthawi zambiri umakhala wotalikirapo 30% kuposa mapaipi owotcherera.

Seamless Steel Pipes Production Process

Njira yopangira mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ndizovuta komanso zovuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kujambula kotentha komanso kozizira. Kutentha kwachitsulo kumatenthetsa billet yolimba mpaka pafupifupi 1200 ° C, kenako ndikuyigudubuza mu mphero yoboola mu chubu lopanda kanthu. Chubuchi chimadutsa mu mphero kuti isinthe kukula kwake ndi mphero yochepetsera kuti ilamulire makulidwe a khoma. Pomaliza, imazizira, kuwongoleredwa, ndi kuzindikira zolakwika. Kujambula kozizira kumagwiritsa ntchito chubu chotenthetsera ngati chopangira. Pambuyo pickling kuchotsa oxide sikelo, izo kukokedwa mu mawonekedwe ntchito ozizira chojambula mphero. Annealing ndiye amafunikira kuti athetse kupsinjika kwamkati, kutsatiridwa ndi kumaliza ndi kuyendera. Mwa njira ziwirizi, machubu otenthedwa ndi otentha ndi oyenera ma diameter akulu ndi makoma okhuthala, pomwe machubu oziziritsa amakhala opindulitsa pama diameter ang'onoang'ono ndikugwiritsa ntchito molondola kwambiri.

Zida Zogwirizana

Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko imaphatikizapo magiredi apakhomo ndi akunja kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana.

Zida zapakhomo makamaka ndi zitsulo za carbon ndi alloy steel:
20 # zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zitsulo za carbon, zimapereka pulasitiki yabwino kwambiri komanso yophweka, ndikupangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pamapaipi ambiri.
45 # Chitsulo chimapereka mphamvu zapamwamba ndipo ndi yoyenera pazigawo zamakina. Pakati pa mapaipi azitsulo a aloyi, chitsulo cha 15CrMo chimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kukwawa, ndikuchipanga kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamagetsi opangira magetsi.

304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro chosasunthika, chifukwa cha kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, chimakondedwa kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala ndi chakudya.

Zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri:

Malinga ndi muyezo wa US ASTM,A106-B mpweya zitsulo seamless chitolirondi chisankho chofala pamayendedwe amafuta ndi gasi. Mphamvu zake zokhazikika zimafika 415-550 MPa ndipo zimatha kupirira kutentha kwa ntchito kuchokera -29 ° C mpaka 454 ° C.

Chitoliro cha aloyi cha A335-P91, chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe kake ka chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloy, chimapereka mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi akulu amagetsi opangira magetsi apamwamba kwambiri.

Malinga ndi muyezo wa European EN, P235GH carbon steel kuchokera pamndandanda wa EN 10216-2 ndiyoyenera ma boilers apakatikati ndi otsika komanso zotengera zopanikizika.

Chitoliro cha aloyi cha P92 chimaposa P91 mu mphamvu yopirira kutentha kwambiri ndipo ndiye chisankho chomwe chimasankhidwa pama projekiti akuluakulu amagetsi otentha. JIS-standard STPG370 chitoliro cha kaboni chimapereka zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi ambiri amakampani.
SUS316L chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri, yochokera ku 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, imawonjezera molybdenum kuti ipititse patsogolo kwambiri kukana kwa chloride ion corrosion, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera ku engineering ya m'madzi ndi mankhwala acid ndi kayendedwe ka alkali.

Pankhani ya miyeso, mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko imakhala m'mimba mwake kuchokera 10mm mpaka 630mm, ndi makulidwe a khoma kuchokera 1mm mpaka 70mm.
Muukadaulo wamba, ma diameter akunja a 15mm mpaka 108mm ndi makulidwe a khoma a 2mm mpaka 10mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, mapaipi okhala ndi mainchesi akunja a 25mm ndi makulidwe a khoma la 3mm nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina opangira ma hydraulic, pomwe mapaipi okhala ndi mainchesi a 89mm ndi makulidwe a khoma la 6mm ndi oyenera kunyamula zinthu zama media.

Tsatanetsatane pa Kugula Mapaipi Opanda Zitsulo

Choyamba, tsimikizirani chiphaso chazinthu kuti muwonetsetse kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu zokolola za 20 # zitsulo ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 245 MPa, ndipo mphamvu zokolola za ASTM A106-B ziyenera kukhala ≥240 MPa.

Chachiwiri, fufuzani maonekedwe abwino. Pamwamba payenera kukhala wopanda zilema monga ming'alu ndi mapindikidwe, ndipo kupatuka kwa makulidwe a khoma kuyenera kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa ± 10%.

Kuphatikiza apo, sankhani zinthu zomwe zili ndi njira zoyenera komanso zida zotengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Mapaipi okulungidwa otentha ndi ma aloyi monga A335-P91 amakondedwa m'malo opanikizika kwambiri, pomwe mapaipi oziziritsa amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Mapaipi achitsulo a SUS316L amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala m'madzi am'madzi kapena okhala ndi dzimbiri.

Pomaliza, pemphani woperekayo kuti apereke lipoti lozindikira zolakwika, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuzindikira zolakwika zobisika zamkati kuti mupewe zovuta zomwe zingakhudze chitetezo cha polojekiti.

Izi zikumaliza zokambirana za nkhaniyi. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, chonde titumizireni kudzera m'njira zotsatirazi ndipo gulu lathu lazamalonda lidzakhala lokondwa kukuthandizani.