Chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chitsulo, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri, yomwe imagawidwa malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga njira yopangira, zipangizo, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Magulu ena odziwika bwino a chitoliro chachitsulo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake alembedwa pansipa:
Kugawidwa malinga ndi njira yopangira:
a) Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko: Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chilibe zolumikizira mkati mwa ntchito yonse ya chitoliro chachitsulo. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, monga mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe, gasi, madzi, ndi zina zotero.
b) Chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa: Chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo momwe m'mphepete mwa mbale zachitsulo kapena zomangira zimalumikizidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Mapaipi achitsulo cholumikizidwa amagawidwa m'mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa molunjika ndi mapaipi achitsulo ozungulira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ponyamula madzi otsika mphamvu, nyumba ndi malo ena.
Zogawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu:
a) Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni: Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale ndi zomangamanga, kunyamula madzi otsika mphamvu ndi madera ena.
b) Chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chachitsulo chosagwira dzimbiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu chakudya, mankhwala, mafuta, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, komanso kunyamula madzi owononga.
c) Chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi aloyi: Chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi aloyi ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi aloyi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso chosatha kusweka, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta, mankhwala, ndege, ndege ndi zina.
Kugawidwa malinga ndi cholinga:
a) Chitoliro chonyamulira: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe, gasi, madzi ndi madzi ena, monga chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa, ndi zina zotero.
b) Machubu omangira: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba, milatho, zothandizira, ndi zina zotero, monga machubu a sikweya, machubu amakona anayi, machubu ozungulira, ndi zina zotero.
c) Machubu a magalimoto: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamagalimoto, monga mabearing a magalimoto, mabuleki, ndi zina zotero.
d) Chitoliro cha chitsime cha mafuta: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mafuta, kupanga mafuta ndi madera ena, monga chitoliro cha mafuta, chitoliro chobowola, ndi zina zotero.
e) Machubu a boiler: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma boiler, ma heat exchanger, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimafunika kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.
f) Machubu a makina: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana za makina, monga ma bearing, magiya, ma transmission shaft, ndi zina zotero.
g) Mapaipi a zitsulo: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, milatho, misewu ndi mapulojekiti ena.
Pomaliza, mapaipi achitsulo ali ndi magulu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi mapulojekiti aukadaulo. Posankha mapaipi achitsulo, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu woyenera wa mapaipi achitsulo malinga ndi zofunikira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito komanso momwe chilengedwe chilili.
Nazi mitundu ina ya chitoliro chachitsulo ndi ntchito zake:
h) Chingwe cha waya: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zingwe zamagetsi kuti ziteteze zingwe kuti zisawonongeke.
i) Chitoliro cha hydraulic strut: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina othandizira ma hydraulic m'migodi ya malasha, kuboola mafuta ndi minda ina.
j) Chubu cha silinda ya mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masilinda a mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri, monga masilinda a okosijeni, masilinda a nayitrogeni, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimafunika kupirira kupanikizika kwakukulu.
k) Chitoliro chopyapyala: chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi khoma laling'ono lokhuthala, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opanga zinthu monga mipando ndi zida zapakhomo.
l) Chitoliro cha kuthamanga: chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotengera zothamanga, zosinthira kutentha ndi zida zina zomwe zimafunika kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.
m) Mapaipi achitsulo: mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga maziko monga milatho ndi maziko omangira nyumba.
n) Chitoliro chachitsulo cholondola: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakaniko zolondola kwambiri, monga masilinda, mabearing, ndi zina zotero.
o) Chitoliro chopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi pulasitiki: Chitoliro cha pulasitiki chimakutidwa pamwamba ndi kunja kwa chitoliro chachitsulo kuti chiwongolere kukana dzimbiri kwa chitoliro chachitsulo. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popereka madzi ndi ngalande, HVAC ndi minda ina.
p) Mapaipi achitsulo: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zosungiramo zinthu monga mashelufu ndi malo osungiramo zinthu.
Nazi zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira posankha chitoliro chachitsulo choyenera:
Kumvetsetsa zosowa zenizeni za mapulojekiti a uinjiniya, kuphatikizapo malo a uinjiniya, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kutentha, ndi zina zotero.
Kudziwa bwino njira yopangira ndi mawonekedwe a zipangizo za mapaipi achitsulo kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera kwambiri wa mapaipi achitsulo.
Poganizira bajeti ndi mtengo wake, sankhani chitoliro chachitsulo choyenera pansi pa maziko okwaniritsa zofunikira za uinjiniya.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusankha ogulitsa ndi opanga omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino komanso chitsimikizo cha khalidwe la malonda.
Ngati mukufuna kugula zinthu kuchokera ku China,Gulu Lachifumuchingakhale chisankho chabwino.
Oyang'anira ogulitsa
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Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-12-2023