Nkhani - Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo: Dongosolo Lofunika Kwambiri mu Umisiri Wamakono

Muzomangamanga zamakono, zoyendera, mafakitale, ndi uinjiniya wamagetsi,zitsulo kapangidwe, ndi maubwino ake awiri pazakuthupi ndi kapangidwe kake, yakhala mphamvu yayikulu yoyendetsa luso laukadaulo waukadaulo. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo monga zida zake zonyamula katundu, zimadutsa malire a miyambo yachikhalidwe kupyolera mukupanga mafakitale ndi kukhazikitsa modular, kupereka njira zothetsera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zovuta.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Zitsulo Zapangidwe - CHINA ROYAL STEEL

Tanthauzo ndi Chikhalidwe cha Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo
Kapangidwe kazitsulo kumatanthawuza dongosolo lonyamula katundu lomwe limapangidwa ndimbale zachitsulo, zigawo zachitsulo (H mabala, U ma channel, ngodya zitsulo, etc.), ndi mapaipi achitsulo, otetezedwa ndi kuwotcherera, ma bolts olimba kwambiri, kapena ma rivets. Chofunikira chake ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zachitsulo ndi kulimba kwake kuti zisunthire mofananamo katundu woyimirira (wolemera kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa zipangizo) ndi katundu wopingasa (mphepo ndi zivomezi) kuchokera ku nyumba kapena polojekiti kupita ku maziko ake, kuonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lakhazikika. Poyerekeza ndi zomangamanga za konkire, phindu lalikulu lazitsulo zazitsulo zimakhala muzinthu zawo zamakina: mphamvu zawo zowonongeka zimatha kufika pa 345 MPa, nthawi zoposa 10 za konkire wamba; ndi mapulasitiki awo abwino kwambiri amawalola kuti awonongeke pansi pa katundu popanda kusweka, kupereka chitsimikizo chachiwiri cha chitetezo cha zomangamanga. Makhalidwe awa amawapangitsa kukhala osasinthika muzochitika zazikulu, zokwera, komanso zolemetsa.

Mitundu Yaikulu Yamapangidwe Azitsulo

(I) Kugawikana ndi Fomu Yamapangidwe
Kapangidwe ka Gateway Frame: Kapangidwe kameneka, kopangidwa ndi mizati ndi mizati, imapanga chimango cha "chipata", chophatikizidwa ndi njira yothandizira. Ndioyenera kumafakitale, malo osungiramo zinthu, masitolo akuluakulu, ndi zina. Kutalika kwapakati kumayambira 15 mpaka 30 metres, ndi ena opitilira 40 metres. Zida zitha kupangidwa kale m'mafakitale, kulola kuyika pamalowo m'masiku 15 mpaka 30 okha. Mwachitsanzo, malo osungiramo katundu a JD.com ku Asia No. 1 Logistics Park amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu woterewu.
Kapangidwe ka Truss: Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi ndodo zowongoka zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi node kuti apange geometry ya triangular kapena trapezoidal. Ndodozo zimangokhala ndi mphamvu za axial, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachitsulo. Zomangamanga za truss zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri padenga la masitediyamu ndi mlatho waukulu. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzanso bwalo lamasewera la Beijing Workers' Stadium kunagwiritsa ntchito njira ya truss kuti ikhale yotalika mamita 120 popanda ndime.
Zomangamanga: Dongosolo lokhala ndi malo opangidwa ndi mizati yolumikizana mwamphamvu ndi mizati imapereka mapulani osinthika apansi ndipo ndiye chisankho chachikulu pamaofesi apamwamba ndi mahotela.
Kapangidwe ka gridi: Gululi lopangidwa ndi mamembala angapo, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi makona atatu ndi masikweya, amapereka kukhulupirika kolimba komanso kukana zivomezi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo a ndege ndi malo amsonkhano.

(II) Gulu ndi Makhalidwe a Katundu
Mamembala a Flexural: Oyimiridwa ndi matabwa, mamembalawa amapirira nthawi yopindika, ndi kupanikizana pamwamba ndi kupsinjika pansi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo za H kapena zigawo zamabokosi owotcherera, monga matabwa a crane m'mafakitale, ndipo ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zamphamvu komanso kutopa.
Mamembala omwe ali ndi Axially: Mamembalawa amangokhalira kukangana / kupsinjika kwa axial, monga ndodo za truss tie ndi mamembala a grid. Ndodo zomangirira zimapangidwira mphamvu, pomwe zomangira zimafunikira kukhazikika. Machubu ozungulira kapena zigawo zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zodzaza ndi eccentrically: Izi zimagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu zonse za axial ndi nthawi yopindika, monga mizati ya chimango. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu pamalekezero a mtengowo, magawo ofananirako (monga mizati yamabokosi) amafunikira kuti azitha kuwongolera mphamvu ndi kupunduka.

Ubwino Wamapangidwe a Zitsulo
(I) Katundu Wabwino Wamakina
Mphamvu zazikulu ndi kulemera kochepa ndizopindulitsa kwambiri zazitsulo zazitsulo. Kwa nthawi yopatsidwa, kulemera kwa mtengo wachitsulo kumakhala 1/3-1/5 kokha kwa mtengo wa konkriti. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chachitsulo cha mamita 30 chimalemera pafupifupi 50 kg/m, pamene mtengo wa konkire umalemera 200 kg/m. Izi sizingochepetsa mtengo wa maziko (ndi 20% -30%) komanso zimachepetsanso zivomezi, ndikuwongolera chitetezo cha zivomezi.
(II) Kumanga Kwambiri Mwachangu
Zoposa 90% zamagulu azitsulo amapangidwa kale m'mafakitale omwe ali ndi millimeter mwatsatanetsatane. Pamalo unsembe amafuna hoisting ndi kugwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba ya ofesi ya zitsulo za 10 imatenga miyezi 6-8 yokha kuchokera pakupanga chigawo mpaka kutha, kuchepetsa 40% nthawi yomanga poyerekeza ndi konkire. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yomanga zitsulo ku Shenzhen idakwanitsa kumanga "nsanja imodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri aliwonse," ndikuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogwirira ntchito pamalowo.
(III) Kukaniza Chivomezi Champhamvu ndi Kukhalitsa
Kulimba kwachitsulo kumathandizira kuti zida zachitsulo zizitha kutaya mphamvu kudzera m'mapindikidwe a zivomezi. Mwachitsanzo, pa chivomezi cha 2008 ku Wenchuan, fakitale yachitsulo ku Chengdu inangowonongeka pang'ono ndipo palibe chiopsezo chogwa. Komanso, pambuyo mankhwala odana ndi dzimbiri (galvanizing ndi zokutira), zitsulo akhoza kukhala moyo utumiki wa zaka 50-100, ndi kukonza ndalama zotsika kwambiri kuposa nyumba konkire.
(IV) Kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi Kukhazikika
Mitengo yobwezeretsanso zitsulo imaposa 90%, kulola kuti isungunukenso ndi kukonzedwa pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa, kuthetsa kuipitsidwa kwa zinyalala za zomangamanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kumanga zitsulo sikufuna kupanga mawonekedwe kapena kukonza, kumafuna ntchito yonyowa pang'ono pamalopo, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa fumbi ndi 60% poyerekeza ndi zomanga za konkriti, zogwirizana ndi mfundo zomanga zobiriwira. Mwachitsanzo, atathetsedwa kwa malo a Ice Cube pamasewera a Olimpiki a Zima ku Beijing a 2022, zida zina zidagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mapulojekiti ena, ndikukwaniritsa zobwezeretsanso.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri Zomanga Zachitsulo
(I) Zomangamanga
Nyumba zapagulu: Mabwalo amasewera, mabwalo a ndege, malo ochitirako misonkhano ndi ziwonetsero, ndi zina zambiri, amadalira zida zachitsulo kuti akwaniritse malo akulu ndi mapangidwe akulu.
Nyumba zokhalamo: Nyumba zomangidwa ndi zitsulo zomangidwa kale zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zofuna zamunthu payekha.
Nyumba zamalonda: Nyumba zokwezeka kwambiri zamaofesi ndi malo ogulitsira, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe ovuta komanso kumanga bwino.
(II) Mayendedwe
Kupanga milatho: Milatho yodutsa nyanja ndi milatho yanjanji. Milatho yachitsulo imapereka mipata yayikulu ndi mphepo yamphamvu komanso kukana zivomezi.
Mayendedwe a Sitima yapanjanji: Ma canopies a masitima apamtunda wapansi panthaka ndi mayendedwe opepuka anjanji.
(III) Industrial
Zomera zamafakitale: Zomera zamakina olemera ndi zomera zazitsulo. Zomangamanga zachitsulo zimatha kupirira katundu wa zida zazikulu ndikuwongolera zida zosinthidwa.
Malo osungiramo katundu: Malo osungiramo zinthu ozizira ozizira ndi malo opangira zinthu. Zomangamanga za ma portal zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zosungirako nthawi yayitali ndipo ndizofulumira kupanga ndikutumiza mwachangu.
(IV) Mphamvu
Zida zamagetsi: Nyumba zopangira magetsi otenthetsera nyumba zazikulu ndi nsanja zotumizira. Zomangamanga zachitsulo ndizoyenera kunyamula katundu wambiri komanso malo ovuta akunja. Mphamvu Zatsopano: nsanja za turbine tower ndi makina oyika ma photovoltaic amakhala ndi zida zachitsulo zopepuka kuti zizitha kuyenda mosavuta ndikuyika, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu zoyera.